It is also understood that fruits and non-starchy vegetables are very low in energy since they contain high amount of water and fiber and can be consumed in a relatively larger amount contributing to increased satiety to maintain normal weight (28). Fibers also form a gel-like environment in the small intestine, resulting in reduced activity of the enzymes involved in the digestion of fat, protein and carbohydrates (29). Hence an increased FVI can help to ease weight loss and this can be achieved when F&V displace high-energy-dense foods such as saturated fats, sugar (30) so that the overall energy density of the diet is reduced (31). Additionally, fruits have been suggested to prevent obesity since they add up to dietary variety both between and within food groups and palatability to the diet which has been revealed to be an important predictor of body fat (32). However discrepancies exist with respect to F&V with high glycemic index carbohydrates that are related to a more immediate decrease in appetite and increase in food intake in the short term (33). High consumption of fructose in F&V is related to obesity in rodents but no effect has yet been demonstrated in humans (34). FVI in over-weight and obese people is much lower than the recommendation since they tend to restrict intake of these F&V when trying to lose weight.
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LS LAND Issue-11 VARIETY
The Virginia DWR maintains Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) for the benefit of all citizens for a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities. With over 225,000 acres across the state, these wild places and uncrowded spaces are prime for adventure. Are you ready to explore the wild?
The Journal of Business Ethics publishes only original articles from a wide variety of methodological and disciplinary perspectives concerning ethical issues related to business that bring something new or unique to the discourse in their field. From its inception the Journal has aimed to improve the human condition by providing a public forum for discussion and debate about ethical issues related to business. In order to promote a dialogue between the various interested groups as much as possible, papers are presented in a style relatively free of specialist jargon.FT 50 - This journal is one of the 50 journals used by the Financial Times in compiling the prestigious Business School research rankClarivates Journal Citation Reports Ranking by Category- Ethics 2/56- Business 54/154Section Descriptions
Visit our Prepare for Employment page to learn more about career options, salary statistics and the critical skills that employers are seeking in job prospects in your field. Most importantly, see examples of how UB helps you gain the skills you need to land the job you want.
Economics is the study of scarcity and its implications for the use of resources, production of goods and services, growth of production and welfare over time, and a great variety of other complex issues of vital concern to society.
Nitrate has been detected in surface water and groundwater in many places in Minnesota. Both land use and hydrogeology affect the levels of nitrate in water. MDH data show that about 4 percent of all private wells constructed in Minnesota since 1991 have nitrate levels above 3 mg/L. While 3 mg/L is less than the EPA standard, it is suggests human-made sources of nitrate have contaminated the water and the level could increase over time. Most newly-constructed wells with nitrate levels above 3 mg/L are in central and southeastern Minnesota. Newly-constructed wells with levels of nitrate above 10 mg/L are concentrated in central and southwestern Minnesota. The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) Township Testing Program found that over 10 percent of the private wells sampled in some townships in southwestern, southeastern, central, and north-central Minnesota have nitrate levels above 10 mg/L.
Air pollution is a broad term that refers to the many different chemicals and particles that can be found in the air. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including cars, factories, power plants, and even outdoor fires.
Water pollution is the contamination of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. It can be caused by a variety of things, including runoff from agricultural lands, discharges from factories and wastewater treatment plants, seepage from landfills, and plastic waste from fishing nets in the ocean.
This can ultimately lead to the collapse of an entire ecosystem, which would have devastating consequences for all life on Earth, including humans. Humans depend on local biodiversity for a variety of resources, including nutrition. Take, for example, wild bees. In recent years, the bee population has decreased significantly because of habitat loss, pollution, and the use of pesticides. However, they are responsible for 1 in 3 bites of food we take at our dinner tables. Without their pollinating abilities, many of the foods we rely on would not be able to grow (e.g. apples, cranberries, and broccoli). Maintaining biodiversity is incredibly important as it allows us to continue eating the many foods that are necessary for our daily lives.
Members of the U.S. military service train for and perform a variety of tasks in order to maintain the U.S. national defense. Servicemembers work in occupations specific to the military, such as fighter pilots or infantrymen. Many other members work in occupations that are equivalent to civilian occupations, such as nurses, doctors, and lawyers. view profile
There are two types of pollination: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is when pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species. Self-pollination happens in flowers where the stamen and carpel mature at the same time, and are positioned so that the pollen can land on the flower's stigma. This pollination does not require an investment from the plant to provide nectar and pollen as food for pollinators.[1]
In the majority of species individual flowers have both pistils and stamens. These flowers are described by botanists as being perfect, bisexual, or hermaphrodite. However, in some species of plants the flowers are imperfect or unisexual: having only either male (stamens) or female (pistil) parts. In the latter case, if an individual plant is either female or male the species is regarded as dioecious. However, where unisexual male and female flowers appear on the same plant, the species is called monoecious.[20] Many flowers have nectaries, which are glands that produce a sugary fluid used to attract pollinators. They are not considered as an organ on their own.[21]
The transition to flowering is one of the major phase changes that a plant makes during its life cycle. The transition must take place at a time that is favorable for fertilization and the formation of seeds, hence ensuring maximal reproductive success. To meet these needs a plant is able to interpret important endogenous and environmental cues such as changes in levels of plant hormones and seasonable temperature and photoperiod changes.[35] Many perennial and most biennial plants require vernalization to flower. The molecular interpretation of these signals is through the transmission of a complex signal known as florigen, which involves a variety of genes, including Constans, Flowering Locus C and Flowering Locus T. Florigen is produced in the leaves in reproductively favorable conditions and acts in buds and growing tips to induce a number of different physiological and morphological changes.[36]
Plants cannot move from one location to another, thus many flowers have evolved to attract animals to transfer pollen between individuals in dispersed populations. Most commonly, flowers are insect-pollinated, known as entomophilous; literally "insect-loving" in Greek.[54] To attract these insects flowers commonly have glands called nectaries on various parts that attract animals looking for nutritious nectar.[55] Birds and bees have color vision, enabling them to seek out "colorful" flowers.[56] Some flowers have patterns, called nectar guides, that show pollinators where to look for nectar; they may be visible only under ultraviolet light, which is visible to bees and some other insects.[57]
Flowers are also specialized in shape and have an arrangement of the stamens that ensures that pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of the pollinator when it lands in search of its attractant. Other flowers use mimicry or pseudocopulation to attract pollinators. Many orchids for example, produce flowers resembling female bees or wasps in colour, shape, and scent. Males move from one flower to the next in search of a mate, pollinating the flowers.[59][60]
Fertilization, also called Synagmy, occurs following pollination, which is the movement of pollen from the stamen to the carpel. It encompasses both plasmogamy, the fusion of the protoplasts, and karyogamy, the fusion of the nuclei. When pollen lands on the stigma of the flower it begins creating a pollen tube which runs down through the style and into the ovary. After penetrating the centre-most part of the ovary it enters the egg apparatus and into one synergid. At this point the end of the pollen tube bursts and releases the two sperm cells, one of which makes its way to an egg, while also losing its cell membrane and much of its protoplasm. The sperm's nucleus then fuses with the egg's nucleus, resulting in the formation of a zygote, a diploid (two copies of each chromosome) cell.[80] 2ff7e9595c